Even when the K-pop fandom try directed at male idols, this paper centers generally to your sexual objectification, lookism, and you can sexism into the woman idols’ tunes therefore the possible effect on fans’ (mainly more youthful females) sex perceptions
It is very important data that this part of K-pop because it’s a whole lot more difficult with regards to the fresh new dark facts off gender affairs from inside the Korea: Regardless if Korea has actually efficiently modernized its benefit, they lags much about almost every other OECD (Organization for Financial Co-operation and Advancement) places when it comes to gender equality ( Bethmann & Rudolf, 2016 ; Rudolf & Kang, 2015 ). Presenting brand new largest sex pay pit additionally the worst functioning ecosystem for ladies among steeped regions, Korea’s ranking regarding Around the globe Intercourse Gap Directory was into the par which have Muslim-vast majority countries better-noted for their discrimination against female and you may rated well below the stubbornly patriarchal Japan ( GGGR, 2015 ; PwC, 2017 ; The Economist, 2016 ).
Students was evaluating and you can criticizing brand new very sexualized, have a tendency to sexist content, also the propagation out of lookism inside K-pop music and you will discussing the possible influence on K-pop admirers. According to these conversations and you may recognizing the lack of hard research regarding the discussion, so it paper shows another theory: If the K-pop music in fact produces sexist axioms while the objectification of females (given that created in area II), its in the world achievements might have bad repercussions towards development of intercourse equality around the world. ; and you will 2) What’s the matchmaking ranging from K-pop fandom and you can fans’ thinking towards office off labor between anyone in this and you will outside the family?
This research mainly results in current literature throughout the following several implies. Very first, by using a different and you can freshly gathered investigation band of six,317 observations regarding one hundred countries, this research adds rare difficult empirical proof into debate of how K-pop music impacts fans’ gender attitudes. Second, the analysis shows just how sexism, lookism, and you can sexualization may not you should be softer social activities, however, could actually determine private perceptions about how exactly paid off and you will unpaid work might be split between gents and ladies. However, it has to even be detailed that this study cannot want to measure people causal consequences. Because of the restrictions of a corner-sectional questionnaire construction, show have to be interpreted since correlations unlike causation.
Ergo, the analysis questions become checked-out are listed below: 1) What is the relationship amongst the degree of K-pop fandom (measured by an individual’s determination to cover K-pop music factors and you can activities) and you may individual gender thinking?
The rest of this information is arranged below. This can provide the conceptual reason behind the research hypothesis and you may new empirical investigation. Part III raises the fresh questionnaire build, study place and you can variables, and gifts detailed analytics of one’s parameters used in this research. Point IV gifts the fresh empirical methodology useful for investigation and you can empirical results. Part V closes this article.
Sexism, eg sexist attitudes to your ladies, and that largely come from conventional stereotypes throughout the intercourse jobs, is among the chief culprits one to stand-in the way in which from intercourse equality. Prior research has examined gender-character stereotyping during the music movies ( Aubrey & Frisby, 2011 ; Kalof, 1999 ; Kistler & Lee, 2009 ; Seidman, 1992 ) or other media forms ( Lauzen, Dozier, & Horan, 2008 ; Timber, 1994 ), and found one than the males, women can be very likely to become intimately objectified and you will stored to more strict physical appearance conditions. Furthermore, women can be and additionally have a tendency to illustrated with techniques one emphasizes antique gender roles: males was indeed healthier, prominent, aggressive, and violent, when you find yourself people were likely to become demonstrated because the weak, built, submissive, and you may nurturing. While some K-pop groups https://datingmentor.org/sugardaddie-review/ and idols seem to challenge old-fashioned gender spots using its androgynous or homoerotic imageries (such as for instance, Amber from f(x), Jo Kwon of 2AM, and you can Lee Hong-gi of F.T. Island) and encourage so much more egalitarian gender perceptions, all main-stream K-pop musicians and artists, such as for instance girl teams, were compliant toward preferred stereotypes.
