(20) The term to own ‘brother’, aha into the BT, has actually at the same time started augmented, even though this form is even used in Turoyo. Hertevin possess one another ?aha and you may ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
Additionally, outside NENA, you will find other terms: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) One to alternatively mystical items which is attested in all NENA dialects but Sanandaj Christian (which most likely only a go pit regarding research) are aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) contends this particular term comes regarding root ql ‘to end up being crooked’. The dialects utilize the mode aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you may Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Several other word talked about by Krotkoff (1985, 131-32, 134) is actually baxta ‘woman’, that has supplanted the brand new Syriac atta in all NENA, yet not for the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. It keyword appears to result of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It’s interesting to notice that an uneven plural endures in the numerous languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and Halabja inse.
(23) An urgent innovation talked about from the Noldeke (1868, 59) is rxata, add up to Syriac rhat. The change regarding h to help you x within one word are found in all of the NENA dialects the spot where the verb are attested. Examples: Sanandaj Christian raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Some http://datingranking.net/tr/bicupid-inceleme/ other unexpected development is the NENA verb ‘fear’, which takes the fresh forms zda?good, zdaya, and zdala regarding the various languages. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) bring a possible derivation regarding the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Variations toward infixed d can be found in most the brand new NENA dialects the spot where the root is attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-fearing (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Not all the of your own identifying popular features of NENA can be found either in Turoyo otherwise Mandaic
In my opinion your above causes it to be clear that NENA languages show numerous distinctive characteristics that are receive neither in the last attested different Aramaic neither in the almost every other lifestyle languages. These characteristics variety over the domains of phonology, morphology, in addition to lexicon.
Especially, all the languages away from NENA concur during the requirements 2, nine, fourteen, 15, sixteen, 21, and you can twenty-two. Every languages where i have guidance plus agree with standards 20, 23, and you may 24.
All but Halabja concur from inside the standards 8 and 11. Standard 6 is situated in every languages except Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Christian.
Despite their internal departments, the newest NENA languages form a strikingly defined class, separated certainly from one another Turoyo and Mandaic. The career of these dialects away from NENA pale is out of matter.
The amount that has actually is shared across NENA is specially epic when we take into account the astounding differences between various dialects. The latest dictate of other dialects toward NENA could have been one another strong and you will broad, while the degree of mutual intelligibility between languages could be extremely brief. Many shared designs dispute firmly to have a familiar source of this new NENA languages, in both just one dialect or in a team of closely related languages. Meanwhile, we could discern a number of important packages from isoglosses which depict brand new limits out of dialect communities.
a) This new dialect off Halabja will not display certain essential designs and this can be found owing to all remaining portion of the languages. It will not mode a good CCiC-le preterite out of intransitive verbs (8), this has no b(it)- coming marker (10), and it has zero 3rd people just one copula having 1 (11). This will be the essential basic office ranging from dialects out-of NENA. This means that leftover languages means a group whereby designs pass on when you’re Halabja stayed unaffected by the him or her.
, Tisqopa axona (Rubba, individual correspondence)){kind=link}